How to make a summary or a review of a literary work?
Обзор литературного произведения (рассказа, сказки, повести, романа) одновременно является и кратким его изложением, и оценкой его содержания. Учителя нередко дают задания студентам по написанию обзоров. Из этой статьи вы узнаете, как написать хороший обзор литературного произведения.
A review of a literary work (a short story, a fairy tale, a novella, a novel, a poem, a fable) is both a summary of it and an assessment of its content. Teachers often give students assignments to write reviews. From this article you will learn how to write a good review of a literary work.
В кратком обзоре важно отразить название произведения, автора и литературный жанр, назвать главных героев, описать сюжет и выразить ваше личное мнение и впечатление о прочитанном.
In a brief review, it is important to reflect the title of the work, its author and genre, name the main characters, describe the plot and express your personal opinion and impression of what you have read.
Полезные фразы для написания краткого обзора:
Useful phrases for a summary/review:
The story is called ...
The story under the title ... was written by ...
... is a historical novel/ a love story/ a fairy-tale/ fiction / a science fiction novel/ a mystery novel/ drama /a thriller novel/ fantasy.
The main characters are ...
The plot runs as follows ...
This story is (not) worth reading because ...
I find this story interesting/boring because of ... (the vivid/complacated/absorbing plot, plot twists, true-to-life/unreal characters, comedic elements, elements of magic, an unsual/unexpected ending ...).
Tips for writing a summary (or a review):
Советы по выполнению обзора:
1. Do not use the pronoun "I".
2. Use the pronouns "they", "he", "she", "it".
3. Use verbs in the past tenses.
4. Do not use direct speech, like he said "I'm going to work here".
5. Use indirect speech, for example, he said that he was going to work there.
6. Do not give too many details.
7. Choose the most important information.
8. Use linkers: to begin with, firstly, secondly, besides, also, moreover, however, although, finally.
9. Make an outline of the story: divide the text into several parts and summarize the information of each part just in one-two sentences. It will help you to speak about the plot.
10. Underline the most important words in the text which will help you to summarize the text and which you might be able to use in your speech.
11. Begin with introducing the title and the main characters. After this, say what the story is about. Outline the plot.
12. In the end, express your opinion and impression.
13. If there are many passages with dialogues in the text, try to avoid them when you make a summary. Use paraphrasing or indirect speech instead or just (if the info is of little value) omit it without regret.
14. Before you retell or summarize the text, try to read it at least twice. The first reading is done to get general information. The second reading is for understanding the text in detail. Work on the vocabulary. Mark the key expressions.
15. Your summary should be neither too short nor too long. It should cover the most important information: the title, the characters, the plot and your opinion.
1. Не используйте местоимение "я".
2. Используйте местоимения третьего лица "они", "он", "она", "оно".
3. Используйте глаголы в прошедшем времени.
4. Не используйте прямую речь, к примеру, он сказал: "Я собираюсь здесь работать".
5. Используйте косвенную речь, например: он сказал, что собирается там работать.
6. Избегайте подробностей, лишней информации.
7. Выберите наиболее важную информацию.
8. Используйте средства связи, например, такие как: to begin with, firstly, secondly, besides, also, moreover, however, although, finally.
9. Сделайте краткий пересказ текста: разделите текст на несколько смысловых частей и обобщите информацию каждой части всего в одном-двух предложениях. Это поможет вам передать сюжет.
10. Подчеркните наиболее важные слова в тексте, которые помогут вам обобщить текст и которые вы могли бы использовать в своей речи.
11. Начните с представления названия, автора, жанра и главных героев. После этого скажите, о чем эта история. Обрисуйте кратко сюжет.
12. В конце выскажите свое мнение и впечатление о прочитанном.
13. Если в тексте много отрывков с диалогами, старайтесь избегать их при составлении обзора. Вместо этого используйте перефразирование или косвенную речь или просто (если информация не имеет большой ценности) опустите ее.
14. Прежде чем пересказывать или резюмировать текст, попробуйте прочитать его хотя бы дважды. Первое прочтение - для получения общей информации. Второе прочтение предназначено для детального понимания текста. Поработайте над лексикой. Отметьте ключевые выражения.
15. Ваш обзор не должен быть ни слишком коротким, ни слишком длинным. В нем должна быть самая важная информация: название, автор, жанр, главные персонажи, сюжет и ваше личное мнение.
The sample of a summary of the story "Tyronausarus Rex" (R.Bradbury):
Пример краткого обзора рассказа "Тираннозавр Рекс":
The short story I've recently read is called "Tyronausarus Rex". It was written by a famous American science fiction writer Ray Bradbury.
Tyronausarus Rex was the main figure and character of the animated film which had been made by Terwilliger, a talented animator who did his best to make the models of dinosaurs look real. However, his producer Mr. Clarence was dissatisfied with the animator's work. He wanted the dinosaurs to look more horrible and bloodthirsty.
During the third film test the audience saw that the producer looked like Tyronausarus Rex. Mr. Clarence was angry when he understood what had happened. Terwilliger was about to leave his job but Clarence's lawyer, Mr.Glass, who was a wise man, decided to help him. He managed to save Tervilliger's reputation. He made up a story on the spot and told the producer that Terwilliger had decided to honor and immortalize him with this film to show his strength and power. Finally, the film was shown to the public and it was a great success.
I find this story interesting because of an absorbing plot and an unusual ending. I think it's worth reading.